Decision-making Power of Women in Livestock and Dairy Production in Jordan
Date
2019-12-21Date Issued
2019-12-21Citation
Dina Najjar, Bipasha Baruah, Nadira Al-Jawhari. (21/12/2019). Decision-making Power of Women in Livestock and Dairy Production in Jordan. Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).
Abstract
Women are heavily involved in livestock rearing and milk processing in many parts of the world.
Yet the benefits of their labour are limited as men are responsible for marketing of the dairy
produce and ownership of livestock. This study was designed to understand livelihood strategies
employed by women and men to carry out the rearing of livestock and processing of milk
products in South Jordan. The main purpose of this study is to explore livestock ownership, as
well as labour expenditure and decision-making power in sales, purchases, and expenditure of
income in livestock production and milk processing in the Khreisha villages of Jordan. The
thirteen villages in the Khreisha area were selected purposefully for the study as they had
previously identified the production of milk and jameed (a type of cheese that is very specific to
Jordan) and related milk products as their primary livelihood strategy. The empirical data for this
study was collected through a survey administered to 197 farmers (94 women and 103 men) in
Khreisha villages. The survey data was complemented with 71 unstructured interviews with male
and female participants in livestock and dairy production. Survey questions were designed to
collect data about demographic characteristics of respondents, their primary and secondary
economic activities, types of livestock owned, reasons for preference of ownership of specific
livestock breeds, sex disaggregated patterns of ownership and control of livestock, gender
composition and dynamics of cooperatives and group formation, problems encountered with
livestock rearing and production of jameed and other milk products. Additionally, we tried to
gain a sex-disaggregated sense of the most useful innovations for livestock production and milk
processing. Our findings have revealed that although women are responsible for much of the
labour involved in milk processing and livestock rearing, they have limited decision-making
power and own few livestock heads in these two enterprises. We identify 11 cases where women
increase their decision-making power in milk processing who were also commercial producers of
jameed. We conduct semi-interviews with these 11 women and their families to understand the
factors that enabled some women to transition from subsistence production to commercial
production. Ownership of milk processing machines as well as purchase of milk by women
themselves increases the ability of women to decide on the expenditure of related income. We
argue that women livestock ownership and agricultural innovations, particularly those related to
dairy processing, have the potential to increase decision-making power (joint or independent) for
women to gain benefits from labour they invest in livestock rearing and milk processing.
DSpace URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/10882Collections
- Agricultural Research Knowledge [12869]
- Gender and Youth [260]
Author(s) ORCID(s)
Najjar, Dinahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9156-7691
Subject(s)
AGROVOC Keywords
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