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dc.contributorOweis, Theiben_US
dc.contributorrazzaq, abduren_US
dc.contributorHussain, Bashiren_US
dc.contributorMajid, Abdulen_US
dc.creatorAshraf, Muhammaden_US
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-23T21:59:59Z
dc.date.available2017-07-23T21:59:59Z
dc.identifierhttp://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/85651168/spatial-temporal-analyses-water-quality-dhrabi-watershed-pakistan-issues-optionsen_US
dc.identifierhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/266323593_Spatial_and_Temporal_Analyses_of_Water_Quality_in_the_Dhrabi_Watershed_of_Pakistan_Issues_and_Optionsen_US
dc.identifierhttps://mel.cgiar.org/reporting/download/hash/2amn6Vyben_US
dc.identifier.citationMuhammad Ashraf, Theib Oweis, abdur razzaq, Bashir Hussain, Abdul Majid. (20/3/2012). Spatial and Temporal Analyses of Water Quality in the Dhrabi Watershed of Pakistan: Issues and Options. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A, 1, pp. 329-340.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/7184
dc.description.abstractMonitoring water quality is important for maintaining a healthy watershed, but it is mostly ignored in watershed planning and management. In the Dhrabi watershed of Pakistan, the quality of surface water was monitored at 16 locations to assess suitability for irrigation over regular intervals during the period 2007-2010. Similarly, groundwater quality was monitored at 10 locations for drinking and irrigation purposes. There was high spatial and temporal variability in surface water quality. Electrical conductivity (EC) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) either exceeded or fluctuated around permissible limits at most of the locations throughout the monitoring period. Therefore, the use of such water for irrigation needs special care, otherwise its prolonged use may pose soil salinity and sodicity problems. The trend of EC and RSC for groundwater was similar to that for surface water. Exchangeable Mg2+ exceeded permissible limits for most of the surface water and groundwater samples. In addition, microbial analysis of groundwater revealed that only two out of eight monitoring points during August 2009, none out of eight points during February 2010, and one out of nine points during June 2010 provided water fit for drinking. Soil samples were collected from the catchment areas of the major contributing streams and from the beds of the Kallar Kahar Lake and the Dhrabi Reservoir. The soil samples from the catchments showed high salinity and sodicity that may be the cause of high salinity and sodicity in the streams. The highest EC, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the bed samples from the Kallar Kahar Lake were about 43 dS/m, 56, and 45, respectively. These high values were due to the saline water brought into the lake with the runoff.en_US
dc.formatPDFen_US
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherDavid Publishingen_US
dc.rightsCC-BY-NC-4.0en_US
dc.sourceJournal of Environmental Science and Engineering A;1,Pagination 329-340en_US
dc.subjectsurface water qualityen_US
dc.subjectdrinking water qualityen_US
dc.subjectgroundwater qualityen_US
dc.titleSpatial and Temporal Analyses of Water Quality in the Dhrabi Watershed of Pakistan: Issues and Optionsen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dcterms.available2012-03-20en_US
dcterms.extent329-340en_US
dcterms.issued2012-03-20en_US
cg.creator.idOweis, Theib: 0000-0002-2003-4852en_US
cg.creator.idMajid, Abdul: 0000-0002-6158-6389en_US
cg.subject.agrovocwastewateren_US
cg.contributor.centerInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDAen_US
cg.contributor.centerBarani Agricultural Research Institute Chakawal - BARI, Pakistanen_US
cg.contributor.centerSoil and Water Conservation Research Institute - SAWCRIen_US
cg.contributor.crpCGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems - DSen_US
cg.contributor.funderInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDAen_US
cg.contributor.projectCommunication and Documentation Information Services (CODIS)en_US
cg.contributor.project-lead-instituteInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDAen_US
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Asiaen_US
cg.coverage.countryPKen_US
cg.contacttheib.y.oweis@gmail.comen_US
dc.identifier.statusOpen accessen_US
cg.issn1934-8932en_US
cg.journalJournal of Environmental Science and Engineering Aen_US
cg.volume1en_US


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