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Spermidine alleviates drought-induced wheat floret degeneration by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy homeostasis
Author(s): Li-Juan, L; Li, Gege; Li, Zhiyuan; Li, Jiayu; Xiao, Jianke; Nangia, Vinay; Liu, Yang (KeAi, 2024-12-25)
Date: 2024-12-25
Type: Journal Article
Status: Open access
Drought stress at the booting stage causes severe floret degeneration and a decrease in grain number.
Polyamines are involved in wheat floret development under drought stress, but the underlying physiological
mechanisms are unclear. This study showed that drought-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen
species led to wheat spikelet cell apoptosis and floret degeneration. Drought induced stomatal
closure to reduce photosynthesis, then inhibited the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose
synthetase (cleavage direction) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in spikes and leaves, and soluble
vacuolar invertase and cell wall invertase in spikes, thus providing a poor nutrient base for floret development.
Exogenous spermidine application increased antioxidant enzyme activities and polyamine
metabolism, promoted starch and sucrose metabolism, amino acid utilization and increased the levels
of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates to mitigate oxidative damage and maintain energy
homeostasis in the spike, thereby reducing floret degeneration and increasing grain number.
Biochar induced trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services and crop productivity
Author(s): Wang, Jinxia; Huang, Qiu; Peng, Kai; Yang, Dayang; Wei, Guozhen; Ren, Yunfei; Wang, Yixuan; Wang, Xiu‐Kang; Nangia, Vinay; Sun, Shikun; Yang, Yanming; Mo, Fei (Published by Elsevier B.V., 2024-11-01)
Date: 2024-10-17
Type: Journal Article
Status: Open access
Biochar amendment offers a chance for sustainable agriculture. However, the effectiveness of biochar relies on its physical and chemical properties, which are heavily affected by biochar production conditions and management practices. Therefore, substantial uncertainties regarding the use of biochar exist in agricultural systems globally. This study provides the first quantitative evaluation of the impacts of biochar characteristics and management practices on key ecosystem services by performing a second-order meta-analysis based on 34,628 paired observations in biochar-amended and unamended systems. Overall, biochar enhances phytotoxicity alleviation, physiology regulation, soil remediation and carbon sequestration, and microbial functional gene abundance. However, some prominent trade-offs exist between crop productivity and ecosystem service deliveries including for nutrient cycling, microbial function, climate change mitigation, and the soil microbial community. The adoption of low C:N biochar produced at high pyrolysis temperatures from sewage sludge-derived feedstock, in combination with a moderate application rate and inorganic fertilizer input, shows potential for achieving synergistic promotion of crop productivity and ecosystem services. These outcomes highlight the need for judicious implementation of biochar-based solutions to site-specific soil constraints. The quantified synergy and tradeoff relationships will aid the establishment of a sustainable biochar development framework that strengthens necessary ecosystem services commensurate with food security assurance.
Making use of synergies from integrated land-climate-biodiversity action pays off
Author(s): Mirzabaev, Alisher; Bisom, Nina; Akramkhanov, Akmal; Ingabire, Chantal (DLG-Verlag GmbH Frankfurt, 2024-12-11)
Date: 2024-12-11
Type: Journal Article
Status: Open access
Collaboration between the Rio Conventions and coordinated action both at international and national level could offer considerable benefits. Drawing on their research in Rwanda and Central Asia, our authors demonstrate the economic potential integrated approaches hold especially for land restoration.
Интегрированные действия по земле-биоразнообразию-климату: использование синергии посредством восстановления экосистем в Узбекистане
Author(s): Mirzabaev, Alisher; Akramkhanov, Akmal (Economics of Land Degradation Initiative (ELD), 2025-02-28)
Date: 2025-07-04
Type: Other (Case study)
Status: Open access
Данное исследование по Узбекистану описывает методологические шаги, оценку затрат и выгод, потребности в институциональной координации и соответствие национальных стратегий целям Рио-конвенций.
Интегрированные действия по земле-биоразнообразию-климату: использование синергии посредством восстановления экосистем в Центральной Азии
Author(s): Mirzabaev, Alisher; Akramkhanov, Akmal (Economics of Land Degradation Initiative (ELD), 2025-02-28)
Date: 2025-07-07
Type: Other (Case Study)
Status: Open access
Это тематическое исследование по Центральной Азии, в котором представлен всесторонний анализ моделей деградации, инвестиционных потребностей и механизмов управления в пяти странах Центральной Азии. Исследование показывает, что скоординированное восстановление земель может сократить затраты на реализацию до 6,2 миллиарда долларов США. В качестве политических рекомендаций предлагаются гармонизация систем мониторинга, отчетности и верификации (MRV), организация регионального обмена опытом и мобилизация частного сектора