Political Economy of the Wheat Sector in Turkey: Seed Systems, Varietal Adoption, and Impacts

cg.contactz.bishaw@cgiar.orgen_US
cg.contributor.centerInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDAen_US
cg.contributor.centerMinistry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies - TARIMORMAN - TAGEMen_US
cg.contributor.centerMinistry of Agriculture and Forestry (Ministry of Food, Agriculture and LIvestock of Turkey), (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs -MARA) - TARIMORMAN (TARIM) (MARA)en_US
cg.contributor.centerCoventry University, Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience - CAWRen_US
cg.contributor.crpCGIAR Research Program on Wheat - WHEATen_US
cg.contributor.crpCGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals - GLDCen_US
cg.contributor.funderInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center - CIMMYTen_US
cg.contributor.projectCRP WHEAT Phase IIen_US
cg.contributor.project-lead-instituteInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDAen_US
cg.coverage.countryTRen_US
cg.coverage.regionWestern Asiaen_US
cg.creator.idBishaw, Zewdie: 0000-0003-1763-3712en_US
cg.creator.idYigezu, Yigezu: 0000-0002-9156-7082en_US
cg.creator.idKeser, Mesut: 0000-0001-6316-7981en_US
cg.creator.idNiane, Abdoul Aziz: 0000-0003-0873-4394en_US
cg.isbn978-929127-5502en_US
cg.subject.agrovocfood securityen_US
cg.subject.agrovocinstitutionsen_US
cg.subject.agrovocprivate sectoren_US
cg.subject.agrovocwheaten_US
cg.subject.agrovocseed qualityen_US
cg.subject.agrovocfarm incomeen_US
cg.subject.agrovocproduction costsen_US
cg.subject.agrovoccertified seeden_US
cg.subject.agrovocseed policiesen_US
cg.subject.agrovocyieldsen_US
cg.subject.agrovocturkeyen_US
cg.subject.agrovocbasic seeden_US
cg.subject.agrovocresearch institutionsen_US
cg.subject.agrovocprofiten_US
cg.subject.agrovocpublic sectoren_US
dc.contributorYigezu, Yigezuen_US
dc.contributorKeser, Mesuten_US
dc.contributorNiane, Abdoul Azizen_US
dc.contributorEngiz, Mufiten_US
dc.contributorPopay, Simonen_US
dc.contributorKucukcongar, Muraten_US
dc.creatorBishaw, Zewdieen_US
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-01T20:06:58Z
dc.date.available2021-12-01T20:06:58Z
dc.description.abstractIn Turkey, wheat is the most important crop in terms of land area, volume of production, and monetary value. Despite varied climatic and agro-ecological conditions, wheat is grown in almost all areas of the country. Although a significant proportion of wheat produced is used for domestic consumption, it plays a dominant role as a source of cash accounting; on average, making up to 45% of household income in some areas where it is grown for market. Over the last 30 years, wheat production has remained largely stable, in the range of 16 to 22 million tons, with some annual variations. Wheat area has decreased from 9.3 million hectares in 1988 to 6.8 million hectares in 2019. During the same period, there has been a 27% increase in the average yield – from 1.88 tons ha-1 to 2.78 tons ha-1, which has almost fully offset the reduction in total wheat area, leading to only a slight (7%) reduction in total wheat grain production. In 2019, although Turkey ranked eleventh in global total wheat production, it was the number one wheat flour and bourghul exporting country, with a total export of over 3.34 million tons. Turkey is also a major producer of pasta and related products, with a total production volume of 1.3 million tons in 2016. The establishment, in the 1930s, of regional agricultural research institutes responsible for crop improvement, particularly cereals (wheat, barley), and state farms responsible for production and distribution of seeds of new varieties to farmers, laid the foundation for an organized seed sector in Turkey. The National Wheat Release and Training Project that embarked in 1967 contributed to the start of a ‘green revolution’ in the country, which gained momentum in the 1970s and continued, though at a slower pace, thereafter. In 1991, the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies was established as a central coordinating body of all national agricultural research, where 12 agricultural research institutes were involved in wheat breeding and research in different parts of the country representing different agro-ecologies.en_US
dc.formatPDFen_US
dc.identifierhttps://mel.cgiar.org/reporting/downloadmelspace/hash/0bf083ebe575f6ee2e313cc801858189/v/66255f45b098dd09372ccb87de82d309en_US
dc.identifier.citationZewdie Bishaw, Yigezu Yigezu, Mesut Keser, Abdoul Aziz Niane, Mufit Engiz, Simon Popay, Murat Kucukcongar. (30/11/2021). Political Economy of the Wheat Sector in Turkey: Seed Systems, Varietal Adoption, and Impacts. Beirut, Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).en_US
dc.identifier.statusOpen accessen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/66513
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)en_US
dc.rightsCC-BY-SA-4.0en_US
dc.subjectimproved varietiesen_US
dc.subjectbreeder seeden_US
dc.subjectdemonstrationen_US
dc.subjectregulatory frameworken_US
dc.titlePolitical Economy of the Wheat Sector in Turkey: Seed Systems, Varietal Adoption, and Impactsen_US
dc.typeBooken_US
dcterms.available2021-11-30en_US
dcterms.issued2021-11-30en_US

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