Determination of rate and time of nitrogen application on wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield and yield related components
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Baye Ayalew. (12/11/2016). Determination of rate and time of nitrogen application on wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield and yield related components.
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of rate and time of nitrogen application on growth and yield of bread wheat. The experiment contains thirteen treatments in Randomized Complete Bock Design with three replications. Total plot size was 12 m2. 46 Kg/ha P2O5 was applied for all treatments. The experiment was carried out during the 2013 main cropping season from June to November in Gondar Zuria on a farmers’ field. All other agronomic practices were applied. 23 kg/ha N application ½ at planting + ½ tillering, 23 kg/ha ½ at planting + ½ flag leaf (booting stage), 23 kg/ha N ½ at tillering + ½ flag leaf (booting stage), 23 kg/ha N 1/3 at planting + 1/3 tillering + flag leaf (booting stage);46 kg/ha N application ½ at planting + ½ tillering, 46 kg/ha ½ at planting + ½ flag leaf (booting stage), 46 kg/ha N ½ at tillering + ½ flag leaf (booting stage), 46 kg/ha N 1/3 at planting + 1/3 tillering + flag leaf (booting stage); 69 kg/ha N application ½ at planting + ½ tillering, 69 kg/ha ½ at planting + ½ flag leaf (booting stage), 69 kg/ha N ½ at tillering + ½ flag leaf (booting stage), 69 kg/ha N 1/3 at planting + 1/3 tillering + flag leaf (booting stage); control (No N fertilizer). In the second experimental year (2014), three additional treatments where 23kg/ha, 46kg/ha and 69kg/ha are applied during tillering stage, were included. Composite soil samples were collected before planting. In both years, the various split applications of nitrogen treatments applied at different stages, significantly affect grain yield and yield parameters of bread wheat (Table1. and Table2.). In 2013, maximum plant height was observed at 46 kg/ha and 69 kg/ha of N fertilizer with split application 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at booting stage gave 3848.3 kg/ha and 3933.2 kg/ha respectively. Similarly, maximum wheat grain yield was obtained at 46 kg/ha and 69 kg/ha of N with split application of 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at booting stage. On the contrary, similar rates of N fertilizer with split application half at planting and half at booting stage showed lower grain yield. The lowest wheat grain yield was observed at a rate of 23 kg N fertilizer in all split application stages. Spike length was also influenced by the split N fertilizer application. Maximum spike length was obtained at 46 kg/ha and 69 kg/ha of N fertilizer with split application 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at booting stage. Split N fertilizer also showed statistically significant difference in biomass yield. In 2014, both biomass and grain yield were affected with split application of N. Applying 69 kg/ha of N with 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at booting stage gave better grain yield with an extent of 3277.8kg/ha.
The experiments showed that split application of nitrogen fertilizer was effective in improving grain yield of wheat and yield related components. Therefore three times split application that is 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at tillering and 1/3 at booting stage was found to be best practice for Gumara-maksegnit watershed.