Sustainable Land Productivity and Community Resilience: Micro and Meso-Scale Water Harvesting in Jordan's Rangelands and Rainfed Areas

Abstract

This section should provide a snapshot of the entire document and highlight the most important findings. This working paper highlights the economic and environmental benefits of implementing micro and meso-scale water harvesting (RWH) technologies in Jordan’s arid and semi-arid regions, emphasizing their potential for sustainable water and land management. Technologies analyzed include Vallerani RWH, Marab RWH, and olive farming techniques (soil and stone bunds) tailored to diverse topographical and ecological conditions.

Key findings demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and profitability of these systems. Olive soil bunds emerge as the most cost-efficient option, with a low investment of US$76 per hectare and an exceptional Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 23.36, reflecting significant economic returns. Marab RWH shows moderate capital expenditure (US$918/ha) but offers strong financial viability with a Net Present Value (NPV) of US$6,699 and a payback period of just three years. Vallerani RWH, while having a more extended payback period (6 years), provides extensive ecosystem restoration benefits alongside economic returns.

Beyond financial indicators, these technologies enhance ecosystem services by reducing runoff and soil erosion, improving soil fertility, and increasing water retention. They support agricultural productivity, stabilize degraded lands, and contribute to climate resilience. The integration of these systems into national water management strategies can address pressing challenges like water scarcity, desertification, and land degradation.

Policy recommendations emphasize scaling up these RWH systems across suitable regions, ensuring community engagement, and integrating them into broader watershed management frameworks. Strategic investment in these technologies will not only enhance agricultural sustainability but also strengthen Jordan’s resilience to climate variability and resource scarcity.