Alternative Hosts of Yellow Dwarf Viruses (YDVs) and Sources of Resistance in Barley in Ethiopia
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Berhanu Bekele, Safaa Kumari, Seid Ahmed Kemal, Adane Abraham, Chemeda Fininsa Gurmessa, Abdurazak Yusuf. (7/4/2017). Alternative Hosts of Yellow Dwarf Viruses (YDVs) and Sources of Resistance in Barley in Ethiopia. Rabat, Morocco.
Abstract
Diseases are key biotic constraints facing barley production in many countries. One of the key
diseases group is yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs). Alternative hosts play an important role in the
epidemiology of YDVs. Studies were made in Ethiopia to identify potential alternative hosts and
resistance sources in barley during the period from 2013–2016. Surveys for wild annual and
perennial grass hosts were conducted in major cereals growing belts in central, southeast and
northwest Ethiopia. Samples were collected following simple random sampling technique, and
virus identifications were done by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) using virus specific polyclonal
antibodies. For host plant resistance screening, around 1500 barley land races were screened for
Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) resistance under field and artificial inoculation in
the greenhouse. Out of 13,604 grass samples tested, YDVs were detected from 392 (2.9%)
samples, which consisted of various wild grasses and forage cereals. YDVs were identified from
at least 26 grass species, and some of the alternative hosts identified were new records. A large
number of alternative hosts reported for the first time in Ethiopia are Andropogon abyssinicus
(Fresen.) R.Br. ex Fresen, Avena abyssinica Hochst., Bromus pectinatus Thunb., Eragrostis tef
(Zucc.) Trotter, Eragrostis sp. (locally named ‘Muriye”), Hyparrhenia anthistrioides Stapf.,
Panicum coloratum L., Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. &
Schult., Setaria australiensis (Scribn. & Merrill) Vickery and Snowdenia polystachya (Fresen.)
Pilg. Out of 165 elite barley genotypes selected and tested against Yd2-linked markers (Y1p-
CAPS-MF & Y1p-CAPS-MR), 98 (59%) of the selected landraces confirmed to contain the Yd2
resistant gene. In conclusion, the role of alternative hosts can play a major role in initiating YDVs
epidemics. Conversely, there are ample sources of resistance that can be deployed using markers
assisted selection to combat YDVs.
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Kumari, Safaa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-6257
Kemal, Seid Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-9369
Kemal, Seid Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-9369