Pyramiding Stripe Rust Resistant Genes Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15 in Sids 12 and Gemmeiza 11 Wheat Derived Lines

Abstract

A total of 173 lines with to stripe rust (Yr) were created by crossing the highly susceptible cultivars Sids 12 and Gemmeiza 11 with the three monogenic lines carrying Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15 genes from 2016 through 2020. These lines were then evaluated at Sakha Agricultural Research Station in Egypt from 2021 to 2023. Stripe rust resistance at seedling and adult plant stages, molecular marker detection for the three Yr genes as well as agronomic characteristics for these lines were studied. The results showed that 126 lines were resistant at both seedling and adult plant stages. Out of them, 87 lines (69%) showed positive markers for one gene (Yr5, Yr10 or Yr15), while 39 (31%) lines had positive markers for two genes combination of the three genes (Yr5+Yr10, Yr5+Yr15 or Yr10+Yr15). Yield evaluation indicated that the grain yield improvement was 3% for Gemmieza 11 and 25% for Sids 12 lines. Lines have only one Yr gene showed greater grain yield compared to lines having a combination of two Yr genes. Fifteen lines showed higher grain yield compared to Giza 171 check cultivar. These lines can be used as a novel source of Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15 for wheat breeding aiming to enhance stripe rust resistance. Additionally, they can be introduced to the national wheat yield trials for potential release as new cultivars.